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#europe#american#more#country#years#move#americans#moving#don#still

Discussion (128 Comments)Read Original on HackerNews

comrade1234•2 days ago
I'm American and moved to Europe (Switzerland) 17-years ago. Sometimes I laugh to myself when I think how whatmy long-dead immigrant grandfather (from Vilnius to Midwest USA) would think of my reverse move.

Growing up we always thought my grandparents were the weirdest people. They roasted and ate whole chickens, not cut up chicken parts from the grocery store. They drank tea and ate weird Russian tea cake cookies. They made their own sausage. They hunted ducks and deer. They ate raw beef.

Since moving to Europe I buy a lot of my food from neighborhood farms, roast whole chickens, make tartare, make cheese and sausage... hunting and fishing isn't so easy here though - I can do that when I visit relatives in the USA though.

rmind•2 days ago
Ironically enough, Vilnius is now a very beautiful, safe and high quality of life city that is a better place to live than, probably, quite a lot of American cities..

How times have changed..

ceejayoz•2 days ago
When I was a kid, "starving children in Ethiopia" was a reason to eat your whole dinner. My formerly Swiss grandma once said "starving children in Europe" and I was very thrown for a moment.
keiferski•2 days ago
I think this is probably useless information considering that legal restrictions largely limit the ability of people to move from one to the other.

Speaking as an American that “accidentally” moved to the EU a decade ago, my impression is still that ambitious EU citizens, particularly those in tech or finance, would move to the US in a second if it was possible to.

That said, I don’t personally plan on moving back anytime soon, although I do miss certain aspects of the American identity and experience constantly.

Gud•about 23 hours ago
Define “ambitious”. I consider myself extremely ambitious, and what you are saying may have been true 20 years ago, I doubt it’s the case today.

FWIW I’m from Sweden but live in Switzerland. I work all over the world(currently in Rotterdam).

There is no way I would move to the dysfunction across the Atlantic.

keiferski•about 21 hours ago
Like I said, working in tech or finance, especially company founders.

The amount of capital available and the size of the American market dwarfs anywhere in the EU.

schnitzelstoat•2 days ago
Yeah, given that it's much easier to get a visa to work in the EU (albeit still not easy) than in the US, the default position ceteris paribus would be that more people would move from the US to Europe than vice versa.

The fact that wasn't the case before just goes to show how big an impact the economic disparity has.

DougN7•1 day ago
What aspects and experiences do you miss? Which country did you move to? I know I romanticize moving to Europe so would love to hear some balance.
keiferski•1 day ago
Too many things to fit in a HN comment, but basically I miss the optimism and can-do attitude of Americans, as well as the general future-orientation of the culture. Europeans generally situate themselves in terms of the past and aim at a comfortable, quality life. America on the other hand is more of a wildcard with space for crazy ideas.

Being an entrepreneur with a dream or a freelancer, for example, is infinitely more socially acceptable in America than in Europe.

This is a nerdy reference to make, but I’ve always been fascinated with the idea of the Sprawl in William Gibson’s trilogy. There is something very American about it (and it’s situated in America) but that kind of chaotic dynamic culture-mixing space could never really happen in Europe.

I moved to Central Europe btw, but I’ve spent a lot of time in France and Germany as well.

JKCalhoun•1 day ago
For myself (American), I think I would miss the natural wonders and open road. But I really enjoy roadtripping.
hellcow•2 days ago
I'm moving from California to Portugal this week. I get to retire much earlier with low-cost healthcare and a cost of living lower relative to CA, and the Portuguese people I've met have all been wonderful. The food is great too!

I'd rather be on the side that supports Ukraine, clean energy, and stable trade agreements. I don't feel safe in the US anymore.

NalNezumi•2 days ago
I know a guy that worked for good UK salary (fintech) that moved to Portugal(Lisbon) almost a decade ago. It seems to be a lovely place, he also happily tell me how much he manage to save and how early he will be able to retire. He got many friends there too, but mostly expats.

If I'm to believe my Portuguese friends however, the extreme influx of digital nomad types have really changed Lisbon. There's almost no authentic Portuguese thing there anymore, just thing LARPING as it. The rent is too high for any local young Portuguese to pay for, while the landlords are super happy for these influx of wealthy expats, so the young either move out of the city or move all together.

In a very utopia like set up, there's something depressing about that reality.

When I asked about to my expat friend living there, he acknowledged it, shrugged, and said "don't hate the playa, hate the game".

Anyway, enjoy the game!

hellcow•1 day ago
I'm not moving to Lisbon, but my experience in that city aligns with your friends'.

Other cities offer much better value for money and hold a lot more of the Portuguese culture intact. There are beautiful cities and towns all throughout the country.

senordevnyc•1 day ago
I heard something similar from residents of Lisbon when I visited, but it was always framed in terms of tourism, Airbnb, etc, not digital nomads or expats. And to the extent it is expats, my guess is probably more British than American.
markoman•1 day ago
Couldn't agree more. If you have any pointers (to web sites) that were helpful to you as you were making your decision or preparations, please do post them.

Also, did you consider any other countries that you later struck from your list?

hellcow•1 day ago
I used an immigration service to help me through the process. Alongside that I spent several months learning the language then weeks traveling through PT before making the decision.

You can do the immigration process yourself, but it's a long process with a lot of i's to dot and t's to cross. It was helpful to have experts guiding me through the process. Learning the language also helped a ton. The Portuguese in cities all speak English extremely well, but they really embrace you when they see you putting in some effort to speak Portuguese. I learned with Pimsleur for native pronunciation and Anki frequency vocabulary decks. I had some background with Spanish, so it was easier for me to learn Portuguese than starting from zero.

I also considered Uruguay and Malta but preferred the safety of Portugal and its bigger size.

kyleee•1 day ago
Many of us hate you behind the facade though because you are driving up costs so wildly
luckys•1 day ago
Sure, seeing well-to-do foreigners live an easy life when one struggles in one's own country can feel bitter but the issues in Portugal are structural and predate the 1926 dictatorship. Have you noticed the same handful of families have glided gracefully through the different political regimes? This is not a culture that fosters entrepeneurship or thinking outside the box, and being physically on the tail of Europe does not help. Corruption is endemic and considered part of everyday life, as is "it matters who you know to get ahead." People have become subjugated by this environment to the point they might not even consider it can change.
giardini•1 day ago
Many of us love you behind the facade though because you are paying is so well for our services!8-))
schnitzelstoat•2 days ago
Are you going to have a Portuguese salary or an American one?
hellcow•1 day ago
I'm retiring alongside the move, so neither. I'll still be working on projects and companies but money doesn't factor into what I choose to work on.
oxag3n•1 day ago
My uncle moved from Germany to Portugal for the same reason. He loves it and the main pain point is healthcare - low-cost, but in his 70s he travels back to Germany for health issues due to quality. It's unpopular opinion in Portugal and everyone will tell you how nice the hospitals are, zero wait times and no hidden expenses. May be my uncle was unlucky, but minor heart issue wasn't properly diagnosed for about a year there, and required a single visit in Germany to get it under control.
schnitzelstoat•2 days ago
If they can work remotely and keep their American salaries then they can live like Emperors here.

If not, I imagine they will get tired of the low salaries and high taxes and move back to the US. It might be better here for artist types etc. who can benefit more from the social welfare systems than they have to pay in. But for engineers, it makes little sense - you are the one who has to pay for the party.

chneu•2 days ago
Yes and no. American salaries are great but our cost of living is insane. The amount of time wasted in the US doing basic stuff also can't be discounted. Our cost of healthcare adds up, as does the cost of everything here.

I think this data shows that a lot of Americans are waking up to our brand of "freedom" being bullshit. The American dream is a bit of a myth nowadays.

Americans lie to ourselves. If one isn't wealthy in the US, think top 15%, you're better off living outside the US. But Americans are "not yet billionaires" so most of us don't realize this. Our media pumps our hubris and egos using "freedom" and nationalism. Most Americans never travel outside of the US and believe our lives here are infinitely better than anything else in the world. It's something I see constantly when I talk international stuff with rural Americans(and the suburban cosplayer), an absolute fantasy version of the world.

keiferski•2 days ago
Cost of living in comparable EU cities is very high as well, except salaries aren’t really correspondingly higher.

The American dream is and has always been kind of a national myth but honestly if you limit it to purely making a lot of money by working hard, I think it’s still quite true, and the best place in the world to do so.

markoman•1 day ago
When you say that EU cost of living is comparable, are you taking into consideration the cost of health and higher education? In the U.S., if you're not currently priced out on those two points, just give it time & you will be!

The U.S. isn't the shining-city-on-the-hill beacon it once was. I think that's pretty clear.

queenkjuul•1 day ago
> if you limit it to purely making a lot of money by working hard, I think it’s still quite true,

Wholeheartedly disagree. I see countless hard workers struggling immensely to get by here. Costs and inflation have spiralled the last 5 years while healthcare and education have been pricing out the middle class for over a decade. The job market is awful and getting worse by the day.

_DeadFred_•1 day ago
I mean the America dream was real in the past to a lot of immigrant/recent immigrant Americans. It's cool that Europe has caught up. It's amazing that China has lifted their people up.

Let's continue improving quality of life for everyone. Europe doing better/being a viable alternative doesn't necessarily mean the USA is all bs. I'm pretty sure every country's people are more comfortable of how their country lives than foreign countries. Not sure why rural American's have a special carveout on that take.

vrganj•1 day ago
As an engineer that moved to Europe - everyone benefits from the social welfare system.

I benefit by not having to worry about the homeless druggie assaulting me and on a more values-based level, by not feeling like shit for living like a king while the druggie has to be homeless.

The taxes are a membership fee for living in a society that isn't permeated with cruelty and violence.

Plus, they pay for stuff like working public transport etc as well.

polishdude20•1 day ago
I mean, the studies are still out in the world and homeless. Moving to another country doesn't change that.
vrganj•1 day ago
Moving to another country where drug addicts get help instead of being left to fend for themselves and paying my taxes there is a way to vote with my wallet on the sort of system I'd like to see - namely, one of compassion.
comrade1234•2 days ago
Surprisingly, the vote on limiting Switzerland's population to 10 million may actually pass. Usually votes for things that will hurt the economy don't come close to passing but right now the limit is a few percent ahead.
sidewndr46•2 days ago
how would that even work? mandatory contraception or something?
cybrox•2 days ago
It's just a buzzword to say limit immigration with rising population.

I'll leave out my opinion on the topic but Switzerland has become noticeably more crowded in the last 20 years.

sidewndr46•2 days ago
I was surprised to learn that Switzerland's population is still that small.
fainpul•2 days ago
The birth rate in Switzerland (just as in many highly developed countries) is already way below 2.1 children per woman, which would be required to sustain the population. Any population growth comes from immigrants. Xenophobic people are scared by that.
ceejayoz•2 days ago
Immigration and naturalization restrictions.
esperent•2 days ago
So if they hit ten million do they start kicking people out for every native baby born?
HPsquared•2 days ago
"A good economy" means different things to different people.

Expensive houses and low wages, vs appreciating assets and low labour costs.

lava_pidgeon•2 days ago
If you look up the graph this is a 20 years old trend .

One thinks of course about Eastern Europe which had a decent economic growth. Compare to many American HN Readers thinking, "Europe" in General tried to make a place better for living. What it means is of course very dependent on person, but consider thinks like better health care, no war (that's the EU for), better indro, but also economics but to certain percentage it worked out!

Though I can't say about American but health care and guns are still a problem. Compare to Europe which hadn't a start up 20 years ago and "Europe" tries to fix t.

giardini•1 day ago
lava_pidgeon says >"Though I can't say about American but health care and guns are still a problem. Compare to Europe which hadn't a start up 20 years ago and "Europe" tries to fix t."<

What? health care is great in Europe and, if you want a gun, just register as a "hunter" in whatever country and take to Joe Biden's advice:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-mztxHgYQo

Non-music(but less fun) version:

https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=joe+bid...

Stay on for timely warnings how "Americans could be killed by a drone."

aqme28•2 days ago
I moved to Berlin a few years ago. Anecdotally, my friends and family back home are jealous.
hylaride•2 days ago
I am jealous of the lifestyle of most of Europe, but not the rigid labour markets and lower salaries. I wish we had more people-oriented cities in North America, though. I don't want to be anti-automobile, but the hostility to the "15 minute city" idea was quite depressing to me.
oxag3n•1 day ago
Doesn't include another large group - repatriating Europeans.

Our friends went back to Germany last year after 20 years in USA (permanent residents, didn't naturalize).

My family plans similar move as well in a few years, mostly blocked by my postgraduate program and exact location to return to. There are other scenarios where we'd move right away, like if my spouse gets laid off.

queenkjuul•1 day ago
Yeah my friends just moved back to Belgium after ten years here
garbawarb•2 days ago
Is a green card the equivalent to a first time residence permit in Europe? It's notoriously hard to get a green card: it'll take 3 years for a normal skilled worker who's already in the US and that's assuming nothing goes wrong in the process, and something always does. Plus many visa categories don't even have a path to a green card. "Long term stay visas issued" might be a better comparison.
rmind•2 days ago
While each EU country has its own immigration rules, there is an EU-level route for the highly skilled workers, called the EU Blue Card:

* https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asy... * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Card_(European_Union)

piva00•2 days ago
Each EU country has its own rules about immigration.

A green card is probably equivalent to a permanent residence permit, those vary quite a bit between countries, and skills. Some countries might give a permanent residence in as few as 3 years, I believe quite a few have the 4 years threshold. Depending on what skills you have or how much you invest in the country you are moving to this timeline also shortens.

agentcoops•2 days ago
Generally continental Europe -- except the Scandinavian countries -- makes it relatively easy to get long-term residency and even a passport. The UK is considerably more difficult, but very easy to work in for an extended period of time (intra-company transfer visas etc).
aqme28•2 days ago
It's not that hard to get a temporary residence permit somewhere in the EU if you're well-employed. Every country has its own rules and some are more lax than others, but there are plenty of e.g. "tech worker" visas you can get. You often don't need a job to officially sponsor you.
comrade1234•2 days ago
Just depends where and where you're from. Even though it's the EU each country has its own rules.
sidewndr46•2 days ago
Can't you basically buy citizenship through "investment" in one of the countries?
geremiiah•2 days ago
If you're rich enough, you can buy a small local business, like a local pizzeria, and hire x amount of people or invest x amount of money and you get a permanent residence visa through investment. This path is available in pretty much countries including the US.
comrade1234•2 days ago
I think more than one. I think Portugal's program is over but you can still do it in others (Greece? Romania? I can't remember). You can do it in the USA too.
CGamesPlay•2 days ago
Many countries, this is often called a golden visa (term predates the current US president).
sublimefire•2 days ago
IMO metrics are not well represented when looking into chart, eg european resident/student permits are not the same as green cards, they had to include students in us as well. another thing is the use of eu+uk+switzerland would it not be better to use eea instead (think about iceland and norway)?

it is an interesting stat, but it might be good to understand the diff among US folks getting passports vs residence permits vs studying

amarcheschi•2 days ago
The community note gives more information on the comparison
fragmede•2 days ago
> The chart compares permanent green cards issued to Europeans moving to the US with first-time residence permits (often temporary, for work/study) issued to Americans moving to the EU, which are not equivalent metrics.

For those that don't have Twitter.

shaky-carrousel•2 days ago
A classic example of mistaking the finger for the moon. There's a trend there, no matter what.
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dredmorbius•2 days ago
Isamu•2 days ago
Fairly steady trends since 2000 with a drop during covid, America becoming less popular for Europeans and Americans
idiotsecant•2 days ago
I suspect there are a lot of American hegemony trends that look like this. The US is burning good will and soft power that took centuries to accumulate in days or hours. This was a long term trend but the current American government is really stepping on the gas.

The american century is over, but I'm not sure what comes next will be better, we will see.

sleepyguy•2 days ago
My kid moved from the US to Vienna for work. Loves it, says there is no reason to come back...I know a few more folks whose kids left after Uni to work in the EU and have no plans on returning. For a young person who values working to live more than living to work, the EU is very attractive.
agentcoops•2 days ago
In my niece's (relatively rural) US high school class several students decided to attend university in Europe with no family ties to the countries in question. It was pretty common in my generation to see, as you note, kids moving to Berlin etc after their studies, but this strikes me as relatively new. Anecdata that seems supported in some of the public numbers [0].

[0] https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2025/07/21/reco...

rembal•2 days ago
Many countries in Europe have free universities: avoiding a few hundred thousands in debt maybe be worth moving in the long run.
agentcoops•1 day ago
Yeah, it's been a relatively rational decision for a while now, but one I personally hadn't really seen taken until recently. Again, all anecdata, but I am curious to track how much of a trend it really is.
ramesh31•2 days ago
It's an infinitely higher quality of life if you're not in the 90th income percentile in the US already. You'll never make that much, but you'll never have half the worries we do here for lower income people.
rbanffy•2 days ago
I'd say even if you are on the 99th percentile, the quality of life will be much better. You'll make less money, but you also won't have to spend on things like health insurance, good schools, and so on. Your house might be smaller though, unless you opt to live further from urban centers, which will demand a car, but it'll be a safer and more efficient one.
sleepyguy•2 days ago
Don't know why you were junked, you're not wrong.

My child’s situation is somewhat different from many others in the U.S. He never has to worry about money because he benefits from the security of multi-generational wealth. He simply finds Europe and its values to be culturally superior to the United States.

pjdkoch•2 days ago
Notice that a lot of the graphs count people from the Americas. Not USA.
danayfm•2 days ago
I've been pulling it off, but I have dual citizenship with EU/USA but still get paid in the US because it saves me 2k a month in taxes. There are also workarounds in avoiding paying the higher EU taxes.
McDyver•2 days ago
> it saves me 2k a month in taxes. There are also workarounds in avoiding paying the higher EU taxes.

Interesting how in a different comment you say

> I want the same for all Spaniards and will gladly pay high taxes if my family, friends, and my neighbors can also have that same opportunity.

iainmerrick•2 days ago
I hadn’t realised that’s a thing (although I probably shouldn’t be surprised) -- I thought all these dual-citizenship tax agreements worked such that you aren’t double-taxed, but the total amount paid needs to meet the minimum for each country.

For example, I thought if you’re resident in the US you might pay your main taxes there, but you’d need to “top up” in the EU.

What’s your specific workaround?

agentcoops•2 days ago
If you're living and working in California or New York, as I suspect a large number of hacker news readers are, EU taxes on income are generally not prohibitively more expensive, especially relative to increase in quality of life. 'Native' salaries are considerably lower, however, and tax treatment of equity-based compensation is very much not in favor of employees...
aggakake•2 days ago
Do you spend more than 6mos in the EU?
hyperpower•2 days ago
So you want to take advantage of European quality of life, social nets and infrastructure, but you don't want to help pay for it? How very American.
beAbU•2 days ago
How much do you pay for health insurance in the US?
tosti•2 days ago
I, for one, welcome our new American fellows.
rbanffy•2 days ago
They are nice people fleeing an oppressive regime. We must work hard to integrate them into our societies, despite the large cultural differences.
BoumTAC•2 days ago
Americans enjoying their huge American salaries while working remotely from poor European countries
crote•2 days ago
What makes you believe you'll be able to do so?

Most European countries have surprisingly strict visa requirements - and those apply to Americans as well. Unlike a short holiday trip, you can't just move because you feel like it!

The most likely path for the HN public is probably a "highly-skilled worker" visa, but that requires you to have a sponsoring employer in Europe - which means you won't be getting that fancy American salary. And you'll also have to pay local taxes...

rbanffy•2 days ago
I'm always surprised by how many American tourists have to turn back because they thought they wouldn't need a visa.
garbawarb•2 days ago
In practice almost no companies let you do this.

If you know of one that does and is hiring, please share...

coreyh14444•2 days ago
It is also the EU Countries and Visas. Before I moved to Denmark I just assumed they'd just welcome Americans with money but you can't just have any job, you have to be paid by a Danish company, over a certain level or found a startup with very specific requirements, etc.
BoumTAC•2 days ago
I don't know how they do this, but Paris is full of Americans living there.

I think they stay for a few months. Maybe they just don't tell their company and the company still think they are working in the same place.

crote•2 days ago
Visa-wise, they are probably just committing fraud by staying on a tourist visa.
rbanffy•2 days ago
> In practice almost no companies let you do this.

And, if they do, they might have legal issues brewing they are not aware of.

officialchicken•2 days ago
QoL is more important than hustle culture to most people
aianus•2 days ago
Yeah, pretty much. You can make enough money in 10-15 years in tech in America to last a lifetime in Europe, even without the remote job.
rbanffy•2 days ago
You still might need a resident visa.
kolinko•2 days ago
With 6-9h timezone difference? Even if a company will allow this (and few will), it's very hard to pull off, and your social/family life will suffer big time.

I know people who manage to do this, but it's difficult, and not really worth it unless you have a seriously amazing job.

rbanffy•2 days ago
> and your social/family life will suffer big time

Not sure about family, but you can get new friends here. When I go to the office, on my walk back home, I often pass by some very nice pubs overflowing with extremely happy and friendly people, and that is when I leave at 17:00.

You'll also get nice things like the metric system. And, in Ireland, one of the sanest political systems on the planet. It's so sane it's almost boring.

aqme28•2 days ago
Most remote jobs don't require you to keep the exact same hours, but rather to have some overlap. So it can effectively only feel like ~3h timezone difference.
the_70x•2 days ago
Maybe during Covid. Now many companies are making employees RTO
afpx•2 days ago
Where is the Frisco, TX of Europe?
josefritzishere•2 days ago
Aside from the authoritarian problems, the US is also clearly sliding into some kind of severe economic recession. I'm just envious of people who have that ability, really.
rbanffy•2 days ago
I'd even go as far as saying the authoritarianism has a causal relation with the impending recession, the acceleration of the de-dollarization of foreign commerce, and the unavoidable collapse of the "Pax Americana" that came after the fall of the Soviet Union.

Moving to Europe is a smart move, but, having complete freedom, I'd think about someplace in the southern hemisphere. I believe Chile and Brazil will be stable for the next 20 years or so and have good overlap with US timezones. And both are quite far from most of the impending clusterfuck happening in Eastern Europe.

irishcoffee•2 days ago
I had an issue at work, stuck all night on the phone trying to get a license activated. The first fellow I talked to was Australian, great guy. Really helpful, patient. He discovered the issue was indeed on their end.

I took a nap at my desk for an hour (the license was needed on an airgapped system sneaker-netted over via an encrypted drive so I couldn't do this from home and the deadline had arrived).

Woke up and called back, different fellow, European. Every answer, in perfect english, was about 3 words long on average in a very dismissive tone.

I'd rather move to Australia.

gdhkgdhkvff•2 days ago
That’s quite a takeaway from an interaction with only 2 different people.
irishcoffee•2 days ago
Oh, well I guess you can just read this forum to see how Europeans feel about Americans too, the Australian guy was the interesting one. I wasn’t surprised by the European.
rbanffy•2 days ago
Expecting a place the size of Europe or the US to be culturally homogeneous would be a huge mistake.
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ineedaj0b•2 days ago
the inflow to the US is historically low, and this increase of US to EU immigrants is a very good thing imo - the US should be more US, the EU more EU, China more China etc etc.
rbanffy•2 days ago
Isolation breeds difference, but not diversity.
geremiiah•2 days ago
Almost all of these are 1st or 2nd gen European diaspora, or the spouses of such people, who 1. still have financial ties to the European country from which they originate through inheritance of assets from their parents/grandparents 2. have citizenship through descent.

The amount of "unaffiliated" Americans who move to Europe is probably negligible.

crote•2 days ago
You'd be surprised. I personally know plenty of American LGBT+ people who are at least considering moving to the EU, simply because recent political developments has made the US an increasingly-unsafe country for them to live in.
sebastiennight•2 days ago
Wouldn't this (unsubstantiated claim, but let's play along) be more troubling though?

It would be one thing if people who are "unaffiliated USA citizens[0]" moved to an imaginary place where the grass is greener. You could argue they don't know about all the problems of that place.

It's maybe more concerning if the people who flew Place A, because of all the problems of Place A, looking for greener grass in Country B, are looking around and going "hey you know what? Place A wasn't so bad after all. The grass only looked greener because it's plastic!" and then go back.

[0]: let's acknowledge we're just talking shades of the same color, when referring to a country that's 250 years old. Nobody's "from there" really

rbanffy•2 days ago
> Nobody's "from there" really

I once had a Native American on one of my teams. That, and a lot of my fellow Brazilians here are at least partly of the original people.

Which came from Asia, through an ice bridge between Asia and North America a couple ice ages back, so, in the end, I guess we are all Africans.

rbanffy•2 days ago
Doing research prior to moving is extremely important.

At the time I moved to Ireland, I learned a vicious gang war was happening in the northern regions of Dublin. Up to April 2016, when I arrived, four (four!) people had been murdered in that unprecedented violent event.