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62% Positive

Analyzed from 3004 words in the discussion.

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#code#test#rewrite#tests#postgres#rust#bug#suite#language#project

Discussion (94 Comments)Read Original on HackerNews

dirkc14 minutes ago
How would one go about reviewing a piece of code like this?

One of the things I'd typically do is peek at the commit history. Seeing what people worked on and how they did it tends to say a lot about a project. But with LLMs generating 7101 commits in less than a month that isn't feasible. Even looking at a single day is way too much [1]. It probably also doesn't make sense since the commits content won't tell you much anyway.

ps. How do you easily get to the first commit in a repo on GitHub? Browsing commit history feels rather tedious

[1] - https://github.com/malisper/pgrust/commits/main/?since=2026-...

gingersnapabout 1 hour ago
I start to see a lot of these re-writes that depend on tests to state that its working. But the things that make software like Postgres and SQLite reliable are not mostly the test, but the real world production scars. That's where the reliability comes from, years and years of running in production.
sshineabout 1 hour ago
> not mostly the test, but the real world production scars

Most extensive test suites are exactly production scars: every time you have a bug or a regression, you write a test that confirms correct behaviour.

SQLite is a good example to bring up because its extensive closed-source tests are what’s often cited as being what keeps people from forking it. (Turso did it, though, but it takes a company to deliver some guarantee of equivalent diligence.)

And yes, years and years of running.

kelnosabout 1 hour ago
Sure, but behaviors that never have a bug or regression don't get a test. Software of this kind of complexity has all kinds of behavior that has never been broken, and doesn't have a specific test written for it.

Getting an extensive test suite passing is certainly orders of magnitude better than having no test suite at all, but it still doesn't tell you as much as you need to know. I would absolutely never trust an LLM Postgres rewrite (in any language) in production based on "only" Postgres's test suite passing.

bob102931 minutes ago
> Software of this kind of complexity has all kinds of behavior that has never been broken

This space of things is astronomically larger than the space of things expressly covered by any test suite.

"Program testing can be used to show the presence of bugs, but never to show their absence." -Edsger W. Dijkstra

gblargg13 minutes ago
Or even a human rewrite merely because some language is the current fad. A rewrite in a different language should be done for very good reasons, to solve problems that are bigger than the costs of all the bugs that will be introduced.
gb2d_hn11 minutes ago
Agreed.And a rewrite in another language creates a high probability of a change in behaviour
martin-adams2 minutes ago
This feels like the image of the plane that returns from battle with bullet holes, and the engineer being asked to path up where the holes to make it stronger. Only to be told to patch where there weren't holes as those planes didn't make it home.

While not an exact fit of an analogy, those tests patch what was a problem with Postgres in the wild. What it doesn't cover are the things that worked in Postgres without tests, but may fail in port and go undetected.

hvb2about 1 hour ago
The maintainers that wrote those tests will have experience you won't get out of a rewrite.

I think this is also where the real work is. A rewrite is one thing, that you can show off with a flashy blogpost. The maintenance, for years to come, won't be of that nature yet it still requires as much work.

_s_a_m_2 minutes ago
very naive. the runtime behavior of a rewrite should be significantly different in all kinds of unpredictable ways nobody see coming or might expect. It is a combination of language semantics, compiler behavior, operating system behavior, file system behavior, driver behavior, ..
nicce6 minutes ago
> Most extensive test suites are exactly production scars: every time you have a bug or a regression, you write a test that confirms correct behaviour.

If you can be 100% guaranteed that there indeed is a test for every occurred bug. Sometimes maintainers are not so strict about it.

And some programmers are so good that some issues are self-explanatory and they write good code to note a thing but don't write a test, because implementing the test is more expensive.

rustyhancockabout 1 hour ago
One issue is those are the bugs you get when you write it in C++.

They aren't the bugs you get when you write it in Rust.

The kind of bugs you get are usually a function of the problem, language, implementation approach.

consp35 minutes ago
So you get other bugs when rewriting in another language without existing tests, got it. This is why I hate all the announcements of "it is rewritten in rust so it is obviously better than the original since it passes all the tests". Edit: and it's an LLM rewrite. Add that to the pile of over hyped messaging.
thunderbong28 minutes ago
I agree. I also agree with the sibling reply that -

> every time you have a bug or a regression, you write a test that confirms correct behaviour.

What I fail to see in these rewrites however is - what about new bugs introduced by virtue of this rewrite? I mean it'll have to go through its own challenges in real-world scenarios, right?

mrklolabout 1 hour ago
And also the amount of people running it in thousands of scenarios. Not sure if these areas can be even tested for, but I guess time will tell (can observe Bun if it breaks somewhere as that’s afaik the first big AI rewrite which got into prod for masses).
joshka33 minutes ago
A lot of the signal (github, forums, mailing lists, discord, etc.) can be turned into signal. Right now it's easy enough to collect. In future it will be easy enough to cluster and generate preferences, experience, etc.

Every bug report, code change as a result, PR / commit message, PR comment that steers preferences, etc. is solid signal to generate future tests.

zsoltkacsandi9 minutes ago
Completely agree with this.

The biggest lie of software engineering is that everything can be testable with tests. That a 100% test coverage is an indicator of quality software.

hk__2about 1 hour ago
The test suite is the result of these years of years of running in production. Every time you fix a bug, you add a non-regression test to ensure you don’t break it again.
kstrauserabout 1 hour ago
In a project like PostgreSQL, those scars are reflected in unit tests demonstrating that they’re fixed. It’d be hard to pass its test suite and not be as robust as the original.
simiones38 minutes ago
> It’d be hard to pass its test suite and not be as robust as the original.

This is not true, even in principle, even for Postgres itself. You'd be right to say that it'd be hard to pass the test suite and not be robust at all to some extent. But even in Postgres, I bet that you can quite easily introduce a change that will pass the whole test suite but reduce robustness compared to the latest release (for a somewhat silly example, add a call to `exit()` on a timer that's longer than the longest duration test in the suite - that will significantly reduce robustness while still passing the entire test suite).

tpetry9 minutes ago
You immply that a testcase exists for every weird edge case. Especially filesystem and concurrency is things you can barely build test cases for.

Even a 100% test coversge is far away from verifying all behaviour.

ShinTakuya38 minutes ago
This is all well and good in theory, but the number of times I've seen tests that don't actually test what they say they're testing is hard to count. Yes even when you encourage the developers to ensure the test fails first and do TDD. Tests help you ship with confidence but there's usually at least a few that are just passing by pure luck.

So no, I wouldn't judge a rewrite as being equal just because it passes the tests. That said, I don't think that means you shouldn't do it. You just have to be pragmatic about it.

dwedgeabout 1 hour ago
Sure but these scars/tests are from the original implementation. Just because it doesn't have issues there doesn't mean it didn't bring its own set of issues
kelnosabout 1 hour ago
Passing a regression test suite only proves that those particular regressions aren't present. It proves nothing about robustness beyond that.
guenthert37 minutes ago
They ought to, but are they? In https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Developer_FAQ I don't see a requirement to provide a regression test for a bug fix.
joshka26 minutes ago
It would be reasonably easy to audit and automate this...
oblio31 minutes ago
Edsger W. Dijkstra:

"Program testing can be used to show the presence of bugs, but never to show their absence!"

rowanG077about 1 hour ago
That's precisely what a regression test suite is for. There is a bug, you fix the bug, you add a regression test. So if the test suite is well maintained these real world production scars are reflected in the tests.
throwaway132448about 1 hour ago
Wait - does the AI rewrite the tests too? If so, lol.
mohsen112 minutes ago
100% agree. And I am one of those people that (out of curiosity) am doing something similar. Yes, all tests pass today but tsz is nowhere near a complete project. For tsz it was rather easy to prove "passing all tests" ≠ "it is ready"

https://github.com/tsz-org/tsz/

ottavioabout 1 hour ago
Why should a developer use this for anything beyond a pet project? Just because it is written in Rust?

All these "rewritten in rust" projects only reinforce the idea that a significant part of the rust community consists of software talibans and not of engineers who must deliver something that works and is reliable over time.

arka214748364713 minutes ago
Often the biggest blocker on moving to a new programming language, is the cost of re-writing everything.

Cue some story here on a bank or airline somewhere still relying on cobol backend servers.

These LLM conversions really seem to make modernization of large parts software layers possible!

dixtel27 minutes ago
> software talibans

I will note that, very funny

ottavio12 minutes ago
Well, this approach is more similar to imposing a dogma thank engineering.

Is managing memory safely important? YES

Is managing memory safely the solution to most of the problems? Absolutely not.

Advocating the language ignoring everything else (having as first and only argument that the code was rewritten in rust fully qualify for this case) is dogma and not engineering.

alex_duf40 minutes ago
I think this shouldn't be taken too seriously, from what I understand it's an exploration of what's possible with today's LLMs.

You're right to talk about the trend though, because what it shows is how the cost of re-writing well covered project has completely crashed, so that in itself is a learning.

oblio30 minutes ago
The cost of surface level rewrites has crashed. Which will probably cover 80% of cases. Caveat emptor on which side your project falls.
ottavio6 minutes ago
I have no issues recognizing that I had memory-related problems in production (I program embedded systems in C).

But most of my issues were related to concurrency and data sanification, especially when the other end of communication fails with unexpected behavior. These bugs are nastier than memory.

So, I have pointers, and I am not afraid to use them.

juliangmpabout 1 hour ago
I feel like we need to heavily differentiate between a rewrite and an AI rewrite.
bozdemirabout 1 hour ago
I'd %100 prefer an opus 4.8 rewrite over %99 of the time. Unless Fabrice Bellard is rewriting the stuff I need, I'd prefer AI over a human coder.
raincole42 minutes ago
Or, you know, you can use Postgres. It's right there for you.
OtomotO34 minutes ago
AI is an average coder.

It was trained on all code the code that could be found.

Not just code written by genius programmers like Carmack and Bellard.

Given that it's average, I'd prefer a human coder above average :)

rytill17 minutes ago
LLMs learn a distribution during pre-training, not only an average.

Then, by giving them context or by post-training, you can make them sample non-average parts of the distribution they learned.

piker30 minutes ago
Which you will necessarily have if they’ve completed a Rust rewrite.
bigupthewhole29 minutes ago
You haven't been using AI extensively I presume...

I've been programming a long time and considered myself among the top in my domain and AI agents using like GPT 5.5 etc. are much better than me.

mebcittoabout 1 hour ago
Not sure it’s so simple. I think close to 100% of new ambitious projects are going to leverage AI at least to some degree. I know a couple that have strict no-AI policies (e.g. Zig), but it’s a tiny minority i think.

So how much AI usage does it make it an “AI rewrite”?

guenthert29 minutes ago
Dunno. I got rather the impression that it's ambitious single-developer projects with no intention of maintenance which leverage those 'AI' code generators the most.

Who wants to contribute to an unmaintainable code base?

Dormenoabout 1 hour ago
When the majority of the code is written by AI, it is more than 50%.
jatins15 minutes ago
rewrites feel like an area where LLMs are better suited than humans imo

It’s mostly grunt work and LLMs are well suited for translation tasks (iirc transformers arch was originally invented for translation)

mrklolabout 1 hour ago
I agree but I think from Bun we learned that a project with really good tests and enough tokens can be converted from one language to another quite good!
baqabout 1 hour ago
It’s just a build step now.
satvikpendemabout 1 hour ago
It is more and more the future. No human would want to rewrite one technology to another because it is too marginal a gain. AI on the other hand does not give a shit.
Zecc26 minutes ago
You underestimate what people are willing to do just for fun.
dawnerd18 minutes ago
Yeah like what do they think the people porting doom to everything possible are thinking?
colordropsabout 1 hour ago
Is there any measurable difference in quality between the two, or are you just going on "vibes"? Is there a correlation between the quality of the manually written code and AI generated code driven by the same dev?

Such crude takes only cause unnecessary friction. If you have a black box that spits out code, and you are unable to distinguish the quality between a top tier dev and an AI inside the black box, then the distinction is unnecessary. Most of the code on the internet is already a black box to you. What percentage of code running on your machines have you vetted by who wrote it and code quality?

AI coding isn't going anywhere and will likely end up generating most code going forward so instead of rejecting it outright or arbitrarily categorizing it we need to focus on solid quantitative and qualitative measures of code and functionality regardless of who wrote it.

queoahfhabout 1 hour ago
Didn't the initial rewrite of Bun into Rust have an ocean of "unsafe" in it, and wasn't it entirely dysfunctional?
lenkite20 minutes ago
> Is there a correlation between the quality of the manually written code and AI generated code driven by the same dev?

Aren't you making a strawman argument ? AFAIK this project is not made by an official PostgreSQL core developer, so the entire premise of your argument is invalid.

dwedgeabout 1 hour ago
> Is there a correlation between the quality of the manually written code and AI generated code driven by the same dev?

If the dev doesn't vet the code, it doesn't matter how good quality a dev they would be if they wrote the code - they didn't. Sure, the dev would probably drive the initial architecture discussion better and some people are using AI in small batches with tests and vetting everything, but some previously great devs are throwing in PRs that touch hundreds of files at once with one commit.

A lot of people I previously considered great developers have become people I would not recommend for a job in the past 2-3 years.

> If you have a black box that spits out code, and you are unable to distinguish the quality between a top tier dev and an AI inside the black box, then the distinction is unnecessary.

Sure, but this is just begging the question. If nobody could tell, the term 'slop' wouldn't have become so popular.

eu-tech-tak16 minutes ago
How is the performance compared to regular PostgreSQL?

I know it says it is not performance optimized yet, but if this succeeds, will it only bring more "memory safety" or is there a serious performance gain as well?

theplumberabout 1 hour ago
I think we will actually see some successful projects coming out of this. There are definitely people who want x old project in this new/better programming language and who are willing to put effort into maintaining it not just doing one off port.
pknerd38 minutes ago
I am not trolling, but I have a simple question: Why? Why do I use this instead of the official build? What is the business case?
musicmatze31 minutes ago
I think a business case for a "look I let an LLM rewrite a large codebase" does not exist.
silon4214 minutes ago
You are now at 0.1%... now submit upstream in sensible chunks (function or maybe file/module), waiting for people to review (a few per week, maybe) and approve/merge.
fragmede5 minutes ago
Because Rust is what's cool these days. Don't you wanna be cool? Also Rust has memory safety things that C++ doesn't have, so there's a class of bugs that can't happen in the Rust version. That doesn't mean the Rust version is 100% bug free, but just that it's not vulnerable to that class of bugs. So it's a good thing for security reasons if you're running a database server somewhere that attackers could get at it. There might be performance benefits down the road if they choose to focus on that.
josefrichter34 minutes ago
Why so much negativity? I find these projects interesting for learning purposes and exploring new ways. What’s wrong with that?
piker29 minutes ago
Because it’s uncomfortable to see decades of work copied so trivially.
antihero4 minutes ago
But that's the thing, without the decades of work, it wouldn't BE trivial.

Everyone is standing on the shoulders of those which came before. If LLMs allow us to combine the incredible decades of effort and knowledge and experiences that's gone into building something as great as Postgres, and take that and combine the experience and philosophy that has led to the creation of a language that potentially provides tangible benefits, and for far less human time and effort that it would have otherwise taken...surely something that should be celebrated as absolutely incredible?

nasretdinov11 minutes ago
I can trivially copy any code even without an LLM though with a simple tool called rsync!
queoahfh26 minutes ago
I am concerned about the quality. Even a cursory skim of the code makes the code appear asinine. Unless the genius aspects of the code elude me.

https://github.com/malisper/pgrust/blob/3646a73515a5e4ac7d0b...

https://github.com/malisper/pgrust/blob/3646a73515a5e4ac7d0b...

mechazawa4 minutes ago
Yeah same. The structure makes no real sense and when digging into the code it reads like I'm the first human to look at it.
bakugo28 minutes ago
I don't really understand how "written by AI" and "for learning purposes" can ever be compatible. What exactly does one learn from typing "Rewrite this in Rust, make no mistakes" into a terminal?
ZiiSabout 1 hour ago
What would be interesting is if they found a memory unsafe bug. Postgres is a perfect case study of 30 years of C with a bit of CPP; if rewriting in a safer language didn't find anything...
whatever139 minutes ago
You are exactly right. There is no freaking way there was no unsafe behavior in a code case of the size of Postgres.

In fact from a porting effort this is the first blog post I would expect. Not that the hey we successfully did it.

voidUpdate41 minutes ago
I wonder how long this will be maintained for...
musicmatze31 minutes ago
As long as tokens are cheap
cyberjar11 minutes ago
I'm starting to get a bit of fatigue for these projects that boil down to just "I asked Claude to re-write this code into a new language that's in vogue right now!"

I really don't understand why this is needed outside of an opportunity to show how impressive LLMs can be when working within large codebases, but even then people in the comments are finding bizarre implementation choices that a human developer wouldn't make. I'll stick with Postgres and its - gasp - C implementation for now, thanks.

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tormehabout 1 hour ago
Woah! AGPL? That's interesting. I think Postgres has shown an open source SQL server didn't need a copy-left license to develop sustainably, so I'm not entirely aure about that, but I do like the license in general.
Ameoabout 1 hour ago
When the software consists entirely of ~$1000 worth of Claude credits and ~40 hours of developer time prompting and curating it, literally what does it matter what license the resulting 100k LoC artifact is provided under?

Copyleft and the whole software licensing ecosystem only matter when producing that software actually requires serious human effort and dedication.

ncrucesabout 1 hour ago
Also can the code even be copyrighted?

For my machine translation of SQLite to Go I added this to the README as to licencing:

Most of the code here is machine translated using wasm2go. As such, the original authors retain copyright and the original licenses remain in effect. Everything else is licensed under MIT-0.

The translator (wasm2go) has a licence chosen by, and a copyright notice from, me. Makes no sense for the translated code.

mebcittoabout 1 hour ago
Does it support the extension ecosystem? Or would extensions need to be rewritten as well?
ZiiSabout 1 hour ago
They would need rewriting (a few are included)
satvikpendemabout 1 hour ago
We had one for SQLite (which is SQL-ite btw, not SQ-Lite which doesn't make any sense) via Turso, no wonder we see the same for Postgres. Personally I do want to see libraries be in as much memory safe languages as possible.
ronfriedhaberabout 1 hour ago
The great Jarred Sumner pulled it off with bun, whether it can be pulled of with Postgres is an open question..

DST systems such as Antithesis can definitely help.

flanked-everglabout 1 hour ago
What is the future of this? Code is not the same as a viable open-source project with a community, contributors, advocates, users and funding, even if it's perfect code.

Even though I'm sure it won't be easy to convince the Postgres project to switch to Rust, I do think that trying would be time better spent.

empiricusabout 1 hour ago
Now which one is safer? A new Postgres written in Rust, or the original real world tested Postgres?
raverbashing41 minutes ago
Also, are they calling it Postgrust?
queoahfh32 minutes ago
What a peculiar kind of rewrite.

Rust:

https://github.com/malisper/pgrust/blob/3646a73515a5e4ac7d0b...

Original:

https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/df293aed46e3133df3...

Usage:

https://github.com/malisper/pgrust/blob/3646a73515a5e4ac7d0b...

The return type in the rewrite is both some sort of Error tagged union that supports the Try machinery in Rust; but, it also contains a boolean that apparently must be checked; or something. It seems labyrinthical and possibly broken and terrible.

pdevr14 minutes ago
It is a feature in Rust, not a bug :-) (I know you didn't say it is a bug.)

The error-tagged union is PgResult<bool> - which means it contains bool as the result if things go well. (The other part in the union is of course the error.)

In the original function also, it is returning a boolean: "bool has_subclass".

So anyway you have to check for the boolean as part of the logic. That is what it is doing.

queoahfh6 minutes ago
Yes, but the original boolean seems to have been used for error handling, and the tagged union is also used for error handling. Why have both simultaneously in the same function instead of just one of the two?
znpy31 minutes ago
Is this another llm-driven rewrite?

I wonder how many "unsafe" blocks are in there...

queoahfh28 minutes ago
From what I skimmed manually, not that many, but the code itself seems labyrinthical. Like, why have both Rust Try-supporting Error-like tagged union, but also booleans, for error handling, in the same function?

https://github.com/malisper/pgrust/blob/3646a73515a5e4ac7d0b...

https://github.com/malisper/pgrust/blob/3646a73515a5e4ac7d0b...