A concrete explanation of how a cache works10pparksb 4 days ago 1 commentsRead Article on parksb.github.io ZH version is available. Content is displayed in original English for accuracy.
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Wikipedia has it better and more comprehensive - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_cache
For usage of caches from a OS, particularly in the context of multicores/multiprocessors see Curt Schimmel's classic Unix Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers.